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Protect Your Vision: Understanding and Managing Diabetic Retinopathy

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss and blindness in people with diabetes. It damages blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. As high blood sugar levels cause these blood vessels to swell, leak, or become blocked, vision may be disrupted, often without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.

Why Annual Eye Screenings Are Crucial

Diabetic retinopathy often shows no symptoms in its early stages. By the time vision changes occur, the disease may be advanced. Comprehensive, yearly dilated eye exams are essential for early detection and treatment, helping to prevent or slow disease progression​.

The Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

Stage 1: Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)

  • Early Stage: Many people with diabetes experience this stage, which occurs when tiny blood vessels in the retina leak and cause swelling.
  • Macular Edema: If the macula (the part of the retina responsible for central vision) swells, it can lead to vision loss. This is the most common cause of vision problems in diabetic patients​.

Stage 2: Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR)

    • Advanced Stage: The retina starts to grow new, fragile blood vessels.
    • Vision Risks: These new vessels often bleed into the vitreous (gel-like center of the eye), leading to floaters or even total vision obstruction​.

Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy

Anyone with diabetes—Type 1, Type 2, or gestational—can develop diabetic retinopathy. Risk factors include:

  • Duration of Diabetes: The longer you have diabetes, the greater your risk
  • Uncontrolled Blood Sugar: High levels over time increase complications
  • High Blood Pressure & Cholesterol: These can exacerbate the damage to blood vessels
  • Pregnancy: Gestational diabetes increases risk
  • Tobacco Use: Smoking accelerates disease progression​

Manage Your Diabetes to Lower Risk

Effective diabetes management can reduce your risk of developing or worsening retinopathy:

  • Stay Active: Regular exercise can help control blood sugar
  • Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
  • Take Prescribed Medications: Follow your doctor’s guidance for insulin or other treatments​

Take Charge of Your Vision Health

Annual diabetic retinopathy screenings are a key component of diabetes care, offering early detection of eye changes before symptoms arise. This simple, painless process includes administering eye drops to dilate your pupils and allowing your doctor to examine the retina for signs of leaking or abnormal blood vessels. Routine screenings can prevent vision loss through timely intervention, making them a vital part of managing your diabetes.

Convenient Screenings at MPCP

Maryland Primary Care Physicians (MPCP) offers in-office diabetic retinopathy screenings, making it easier to integrate proactive eye care into your diabetes management. Our approach provides:

  • Convenience: No need for separate appointments at external clinics.
  • Comprehensive Care: Screenings are seamlessly incorporated into our patient-centered diabetes care plan.
  • Proactive Health Monitoring: Detecting potential complications early allows for personalized care tailored to your needs.

Take control of your eye health today. Visit your patient portal to schedule your diabetic retinopathy screening at MPCP and protect your vision with compassionate, coordinated care designed to support your overall wellness. 

 

Patient Advocacy Corner 101: 10 Tips to Navigate Election Season

By: ARIEL J. WARDEN-JARRETT, MD, FAAFP

It’s an election year. It is no secret that as a nation we seem politically divided, and more than ever before. It may surprise you that your response to “politics” can impact your health.

During the last presidential election, I noticed that some of my patients developed high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and insomnia based on the election results. This reality further opened my eyes to the indirect and direct political influences that potentially impact the health of an individual, family, community, state, and nation.

Here are some tips to get you through a politically charged season.

  1. Make sure you exercise your right to vote. Vote for candidates and issues that best align with your values.
  2. If you find that your heart races or you get angry listening to the news, then limit the time you spend watching or listening to the news, and try not to do it before bedtime. Get your rest!
  3. At the end of the day, you can cast your single vote. Don’t lose energy worrying about things that are out of your direct control.
  4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is on the rise. It can be used to educate you with facts and fiction. Don’t believe everything you hear, see or read on social media. Fact-check information from trusted sources.
  5. Ask yourself if the candidate you are seeking to elect can be trusted to represent you. Will they vote for what is in the best interest of your district, county, state or nation?
  6. Develop positive coping skills to help prepare for election results, especially when they don’t go the way you hoped and/or voted.
  7. Talk with your family as well. Remind them of the core values of what it means to be an American. We are a great nation that fights for liberty and justice for ALL. We may not always agree, but our core values as Americans should shine above our differences.
  8. Hold your elected officials accountable. Make sure you know who represents you! Introduce yourself to their office and share your stories with them.
  9. Don’t get worked up about things you can’t change! However, be safe. Since the nation is politically divided, exercise caution with how and with whom you share your political views. Push yourself to grow and look at issues through multiple lenses. Enter a growth mindset zone.
  10. If you don’t like things, get involved! Become a part of the solution. Don’t let the circumstances consume you.

My 97-year-old patient shared with me that she has seen so many different presidents in her lifetime. Each has a special stamp to leave in history. Focus on the positives no matter the outcomes. After all, there will be another election….

 

Patient Advocacy Corner: Maryland’s ER Wait Times…Yikes!

By: ARIEL J. WARDEN-JARRETT, MD, FAAFP

Maryland continues to have one of the longest wait times for patients to be evaluated in the emergency department. At one point, wait times in some hospital systems were as long as 16-24+ hours. I think most of us can agree that this is ridiculous, but that does not change the reality.

Our hospital systems and state legislators are looking in depth as to why this is the case. In the meantime efforts were made to pass legislation that would allow qualified immigrants to apply for certain hospital positions in order to help decrease staffing shortages. Only time will tell if this proves to be an effective measure. I think the root of the problem exceeds hospital staffing issues. We need more access to primary care physicians.

As a board-certified family physician, I have some tips to share with you that may help you and your family avoid the emergency department in the first place. I believe one of the possible root causes of prolonged wait times is that individuals are not utilizing the primary care setting appropriately. Health issues that could be optimally addressed in this setting are getting pushed to the understaffed and overwhelmed emergency department settings. This won’t be solved overnight, but here are 10 things you can do to decrease your need for an emergency department visit, because we want to keep you out of the emergency departments, and utilize them for true emergencies…

  1. Establish a relationship with a primary care physician. Someone needs to know you and care about your specific needs. You are important and special!
  2. Schedule your annual physical. This gives you an opportunity to discuss your health, identify potential concerns and place a treatment/prevention plan in place. After all, healthy people tend to not need the emergency room on a regular basis, if at all.
  3. Schedule regular interval visits with your provider to maintain/control your chronic health conditions. For example, If you have asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart disease or other significant condition, you should have an action plan — this will help to decrease your chances of needing the ER.
  4. Do not wait until the last minute to call your doctor’s office when you have an urgent need. Yes, we have staffing issues too, but we are here to serve you. Let the trained staff help guide you to seeing an available provider who can evaluate you ASAP rather than “waiting” to see your preferred provider who may be booked up. At MPCP, we consider you our family. Yes, you have a preferred provider, but during an emergency, if your preferred provider is not available, it’s ok to see another provider in the office.
  5. Do not let your medications run out. If cost is a concern, let your provider know, as we have access to some programs that may be able to assist you. We do not want your health to deteriorate because you did not have access to your medication(s). We want to help you stay as healthy and robust as possible.
  6. When in doubt, call us. Our trained staff can triage your needs to guide you as to prioritizing the setting where your health concerns should be addressed (office, after-hours telemedicine, urgent care or the emergency department).
  7. Make your health a priority! Years ago, a patient told me that when they became sick at work, their employer refused to let them leave for a doctor’s visit and told them to go to the ER after work. Sadly, that is what happened, but it is wrong! You have employee and patient rights. Become familiar with them, exercise them and advocate for yourself.
  8. Ensure that you are building a robust immune system. Get adequate sleep (7-8 hours/night), exercise 45-60 min at least 3-5 days per week, avoid excessive caffeine, limit stress, eat balanced and healthy meals, limit alcohol intake, spend time outdoors (with sunscreen), spend time with family/friends.
  9. Know your medications and take them as prescribed. Review them at each visit with your provider. Let your provider know about supplements or other medications you may take. This will help to decrease medication-related emergencies.
  10. Read number 6 again.

At MPCP, we strive to create the best healthcare experience for you. Thank you for allowing us to be a part of your patient-centered medical homes.